Sunday, January 22, 2012

Unicorn Prayer



This chant was used to help give myself confidence and some other skills that I thought I would need. I cleansed my room and cast a personal circle. I lit some candles to light the room and relaxed for a little. Then I grounded and repeated this chant three times. It was very powerful for me and I feel very strongly for this poem.
So I decree
By Three and Three
Bless this horn
Of Unicorn

I circle this place
By horn and trace
Star and dream
Unicorn theme

By Air I call
Open by All
Mind's many flowers
By Airs thought power

By Fire I call
Open by all
Love and desire
By power of fire

By Water I call
Open by all
Emotion's embrace
By water I trace

By Earth I call
Open by All
integration sought
By earth is brought

All these I summon
To bring joy and wisdom
I call for love and thought
Unicorn of time brought

Tame this scorpion sting
Joy and love bring
Like eagles flight
Bring me light
Lift me above pain
Calm down the rain

I call for your life
I ask for no strife
Bring balance to me
By power of three on three
So mote it be
My will be done
With horn am one

This is good to use when you need energy, but its easy to modify to be a well rounded chant. Unicorns are very healing, so their power can be called upon for that use. Also, since you call all the elements and you honor all aspects of a creature, you are alluding to its divine nature, then at the end of the power, you then declare your unity with spirit. This is a good poem to meditate to since it is catchy and it rhymes, you can easily memorize it to meditate on its wording and aspects, especially its cleansing, healing or spiritual ideas. Unicorns are very purifying creatures and though it calls on the elements, it is good as a cleansing chant. It can be used as a cleansing spell or as part of calling the elements. It can be used with some modification in sabbats and other large rituals. I will start by taking apart the piece and explaining each specific section.

So I decree
By Three and Three
Bless this horn
Of Unicorn

This part declares you as the unicorn's horn and asks for blessings. You are not the source of the energy, but a point of the energy which directs and channels it. By three and three alludes to the expression "Three times three" which means the most powerful expression of creative and magical power. Three is the number of creation and magic. If you multiply it times itself it is magic working exponentially. In addition, it is nine, which is as far as you can go without returning to the source, or divine. This essentially means that you are blessing the horn, or yourself, with all your power.

I circle this place
By horn and trace
Star and dream
Unicorn theme

The circle is a sacred symbol. In wicca traditions, the circle is often an area where one conducts rituals, casts spells or meditates. Stars and dreams are often a symbol of the higher self since dreams are a form of communication and stars are lights which mirror the lights where we are. As we are often said to be "made of light" we are mirrored in these stars. "As above, so below" is one of the sayings that promotes this theory.

As the unicorn is a spiritual creature that can bring you closer to the divine. It can do so by pointing the direction, healing that which constricts you or by opening your options. This is why the unicorn is a great choice as a creature for spiritual development. Personally, the unicorn is one of my strongest totems and this particular chant is easy and fast allowing me to memorize it. I find it easier to visualize my guardians or attendants as animals or creatures rather than abstract symbols. I find it more drawing and interesting that simply balls of light, symbols or other similar objects.

Spiral Essence Coven: Symbol and Logo



This is a piece that I made as our coven symbol. Each of us in the coven has our own ideas of what we value. I tried to use the symbol to reflect those ideals. I drew it by hand with pencil and it was rather difficult because of the twists and turns of the branches which make the outer edge. It took our coven a few weeks to decide on what we wanted in our symbol. We might make a website someday, so we wanted to make sure it was one that was easy to put online and easy to duplicate. We knew we wanted it to have a balanced look and a spiral somewhere in the piece.

We started by deciding on a triskelle. The next step was deciding on how to make it appear rounded. We finally decided to include a Celtic knot. We love the intricate, delicate appearance of Celtic knotwork and we wanted that intricacy and delicacy to be present in our own symbol. We started by finding a simple picture that had the basic design. I then took the design and added the symbolism and drew it out myself to make the picture ours.

The twisting branches can be considered either vine or tree branches. They represent the earth and the way it is both intricate with trees, branches, roots, rocks, animals and is in the eternal circular shape of the earth. It encompasses the other elements.

Within the circle of branches is held the darkness and the triskelle....this part has multiple meanings. First, it displays the primordial darkness and the full moon shining through with the triskelle displayed atop the full moon. Second, it can is the eternal dark oceans and its spiraling waves and whirlpools. The dark triskelle that lightens to the center reflects the change from the darkness to our inner light. It also represents the movements of the air and the way it shifts and the vortex the wind creates. It is also the bright pale parts of flames and the dark, cooler parts of the fire. Looking down on it, it could be a cauldron that holds the elements and the spiral of spirit within. It is also the darkness of the primal goddess and the begetting of the light, or god within.

Our coven is called Spiral Essence. Each of us believes in the spiral as the shape of all things at least at a minute level. Whether it is the spiral of the smallest atom, or if it is the spiral of the greatest tornado, the spiral is one of existence's greatest shapes. It is also the shape of a unicorn's horn, an animal liked by everyone in our coven, and loved by several. This took a long time for me to devise and complete. I think it is one of my finest pieces. It maintained the simplicity and balance we were aiming for, yet created a complexity and duality that creates our own beliefs.

The unicorn is on the left, inspiring memories of horse and unicorn goddesses such as Epona, Rhiannon, Amalthea, Artemis. The griffin is on the right, reminiscent of gods such as Lugh and other solar/griffon/eagle/lion deities.

Unicorn Magick Reference


Unicorn is a god. He demands servitude and sacrifice. He stands out of reach, as fixed and brilliant as the stars. Serried ranks of unicorns keep guard like anthracite statues on the outer edges of our universe. Starlight catches on their horns; their molded flanks glisten with power.

Hail, Unicorn! God of knowledge, a dark ghost on the fringes of man's consciousness, a pewter shadow in the leafless deserts of the mind.

--- Josephine Bradley, In Pursuit Of The Unicorn (1980)


My first encounter with a unicorn was when I was little older than three. I was sleeping and I had a dream I was in a completely white room. There was a mirror that covered the wall on one side. I think it might have had golden edges, but its hard to say. Honestly, I was very young and I wasn't concerned about the mirror, only that I knew it was magical. I stared into it and suddenly I saw it warping white an silver. With a crash, I saw a magnificent white unicorn leap from the mirror. Shards of glass scattered everywhere. I think I might have screamed from the noise and glass. However, I was holding a stuffed unicorn and I know I was very happy. I don't remember any more of the dream.

The unicorn is one of the oldest mythological beings. It has traveled through lore as a single horned bull, antelope, horse, dragon and many other manifestations. It has been throughout Asia, Europe, the Americas and further....it has pranced through tapestries, bestiaries, sculptures, paintings and more....It has been found on cave walls and has been featured in modern movies. It is easy to say that the unicorn is one of the most popular legendary creatures, and its popularity can only grow.

Unicorns vary in appearance, but the most commonly accepted version is a single horned alabaster horse with a lions tail, beard and tufted legs. The unicorn has also been as small as a cat or been larger than a skyscraper. The unicorn has been a symbol of gods, demons, witches, Jesus and nearly every other archetype it seems. To me, the unicorn is the Horned God...or it is the sliver of the moon, whose sharp new moon shape is the sharpened horn. The unicorn is Artemis, Demeter, Pan....it is the horse, the child, the fae....

Many people think that you need to be a virgin in order to draw a unicorn. This is primarily a Christian concept and although its origins are shady, from what my research has been able to tell me it is contradictory to the original unicorn idea. The unicorn may only come to those who are pure of intention and possess a virtue beyond that the body can hold. It has normally been a divine being of goodness, however, that also has changed over the years.

The unicorn first appeared in mythology 3000 BCE in China and there were active sightings up until 1820. Although many people these days attest to seeing the magnificent creature, they are often ignored or discredited. Regardless of whether or not the unicorn exists, it is a creature of inspiration and power. Either way, the unicorn is a powerful symbol for myself and for people everywhere.

Unicorn Traits: getting where you want, virile, penetrating, libido, strength, purity, power, magick, elusive, solitary, selfless, immune to poison, ferocity, rain, immortality, serenity, nobility, alchemy, innocence, sacredness, chastity, good fortune, new life, intuition, subliminal sex, religiousness, sacrifice, gracefulness, love, wisdom, trust, sensitivity, protection, dreams, although the unicorn is a female archetype, the horse-like body and horn are male symbols, representing a combination of male and female, or mystic marriage, best displayed by the Ki-lin. In some medieval mythology, the unicorn and deer in the forest represented the three-fold nature of humans. In this mythology, the forest represented the body, the deer the soul and the unicorn the spirit.

Goddesses/Gods: Diana, Artemis (they pulled her Chariot of Chastity), Demeter (In some stories it is said that the cornucopia was inspired by the unicorn), Horned God, some moon gods and goddesses, Amalthea (more of a magical goat than god, whose horn was said to break off to form the cornucopia. Now, it is also the name of the unicorn in The Last Unicorn by Peter S. Beagle, which has flavored modern unicorn mythology extensively). The triple goddess corresponds to the unicorn, in that, the three colors of the Greek alicorn correspond with the three colors of the goddess. The unicorn is related to Ra and Sirus because of the unicorn's relation to the Egyptian Obelisk. The horn represents the sword/horn of the Judeo god.

Astrology: During the reign of Englands James I and before, the female unicorn was accepted as a symbol of the moon. The sun and moon's nighttime dance was seen as a male lion pursuing a unicorn. As the moon waned, it meant the lion was eating away at the unicorn. Finally, the unicorn's horn would become deadly sharp, honing for the unicorn's defense (sliver moon, holy horn). Then, the unicorn would fight back, waxing, healing until it was whole and powerful. Then, the chase would continue again. During an eclipse, it was believed that the unicorn won the battle.

The Lion-sun flies from the rising
Unicorn-moon and hides behind the
Tree or Grove of the Underworld;
the Moon pursues, and, sinking in
her turn, is sun slain.

— Robert Brown, the Unicorn: A Mythological Investigation (1881)

The unicorn is the spiritually advanced Capricorn. The two horns blending into one to create a single, powerful horn, this animal is called the "unicorn of God." In Celtic moon astrology the holly tree symbolizes July 8-August 4 and is represented by the unicorn.

Elements: The unicorn's main element is Spirit (Energy, Akasha, ect). However, the unicorn's various powers attribute it to other elements as well. Depending on the specific unicorn, religious tradition and the individual unicorn has powers over other elements. Most unicorns display some kinship to earth and water.

Heraldry: The unicorn of heraldry was granted more nobility than previous writers had attributed to the animal. Following the lore of Physiologus's Christian unicorn, but giving the unicorn powerful horse-like hybrid strength created a newer, more powerful unicorn. The unicorn was on the English coat of arms, the Royal Arms of Scotland. The unicorn's aristocratic position was supported by the belief that the singular horn was representative of a singular monarchy or king...or a singular god...singular direction...ect....

In 15th century heraldry, the unicorn was often depicted collared. This symbolism may represent the raw nature passions of the unicorn being tamed. In more common images however, the chain binding the unicorn is shattered. This may mean that represent the breaking free of bondage and the refusal to be taken once again.

Complimentary Creatures (These are creatures which are complimentary, adversaries or opposite the unicorn or its magick. They can create a yin-yang effect): Lion, Griffon, Dragon, Maiden/Virgin/Woman/Girl, tiger (Asian), dove (according to Jung the unicorn can shapeshift from a vicious unicorn into a gentle dove)

Associated Mythical Creatures: Dragon, Griffon,White Hart, Phoenix, Capricorn, Tortoise

Magick: Healing, protection, power, guidance, immortality, spirituality, Magick, concealment, purification, psychic power, gentleness, fertility, alchemical quest, curing the loss of innocence, sexuality, imagination, solitude, communicating with animals, knowledge of fauna, love/devotion, faeries, divination, serenity, dreams, astral flight, levitation, transformation

Locations: Beach, secluded/wild locations, meadows, glades, forests, waterfalls, under apple trees, faery realm, some "heavens," Egyptian Obelisks.

Times: Dusk, dawn, 'tween times, solstices, equinoxes (particularly autumn, the unicorn mating season), moonlit nights, first frost, mornings, Tinne, Lammas, Sunset, sunrise, the full moon, August, dog days of cirus renders the alicorn as a symbol of power,

Flora: some flowers, apple, cinnamon, cedar, wild holly, wild strawberries, sugar maple, lilacs. (the unicorn is said to hide its treasure in a maple box buried under an apple tree), clover (especially red clover), apple blossoms, centaury, chicory, ferns, mosses, unicorn root (aletris farinosa)

Fauna: birds, nightingale, hummingbirds, woodpeckers, nuthatches, deer, horses, dragonflies*, butterflies, swans, peacocks* and colorful beetles*, doves, honeybees (because most unicorns love honey), Tortoise, pheasant, sword fish, unicorn fish

Wheel of the Year

“Magic becomes art when it has nothing to hide.”
-Ben Okri

Let magic slip along your hand, trickle through your voice and crescendo into substance. It is hard to say whether art is magic, or if magic is actually art. What do I mean by this? Well, let’s take a step back. There is often something in everyday life that you are exceptionally skilled at. It is something you are so good at it, that you do it often by instinct. For some people this is drawing, painting, poetry, music, martial arts or even simply imagination.

Samhain: This is the beginning of the Celtic year. Nov 1 (normally celebrated midnight).

Yule: Dec 20-22 depending on the year (Midwinter Solstice).

Imbolc: February 1 (the 2nd is groundhogs day).

Ostara: March 20-22 Depending on the year (Vernal Equinox).

Beltane: May 1 (May Day).

Litha: June 20-22 depending on the year (Summer Solstice).

Lammas: August 1.

Mabon: September 20-22 depending on the year (Autumnal Equinox)

Each of the White pearls represents the Light Half of the year. Black Pears represent the Dark Half of the Year

I blended all my favorite trees together to craft this one. It has elements of the oak, willow, vines, grass and just about any other tree or plant that I adore. I had over 20 pieces of source for this one's inspiration. Next, scanned, colored in photoshop, modified to fit the 1/8 of the circle and copied, pasted and modified to fit. The whole piece resembles an 8 petaled flower. The coven symbol that is reserved for members was used as the centerpiece and symbol of spirit and life. Next came the individual pictures. The greater sabbats are marked with a brilliant full moon. The lesser sabbats are marked with the glowing, brilliant sun. The dark sabbats of the dark side of the year are marked with a fine, black pearl. The light sabbats are marked with a pale, glistening white pearl. Pearls represent the moon and feminine power among many things, and as a water sign, I like pearls.

Samhain: This is the beginning of the Celtic year. Nov 1 (normally celebrated midnight). This is the first holiday of the dark half of the year. This is the time to honor ancestors. Chanting, lighting candles, honoring the dead, giving gifts of food to the dead on your doorstep, Giving gifts of food to children (trick or treating) who are the ancestors reincarnated, slaughter your livestock and preserve your meats and foods, carve turnips or pumpkins, Light a candle and leave it in your window or make an altar for your ancestors or dead relatives, use divination, make and wear masks and costumes, write out your family tree, reenact Innana's descent into the underworld, decorate your house or make a haunted house, visit a cemetery, don't travel after dark. The picture that is used is of my black cat, Morpheus. I changed the color of the background to a vibrant orange to accent with the seasonal colors.

Yule: Dec 20-22 depending on the year (Midwinter Solstice). This is the second holiday of the dark half of the year. This is the time to celebrate that the days will only grow longer and winter is waning. This is one time to reenact the battle between the Oak King and the Holly King, then you can decorate your yule tree or burn a yule log. You should light lots of candles, sing and go wassailing. Exchanging gifts at this time is one of the most popular events. I have my own version of the oak king, a green dragon who guards a horde. I think the oak is a rather dragon-like tree but I am not sure where I got that impression.

Imbolc: February 1 (the 2nd is groundhogs day). This is the third holiday of the dark half of the year. This is the time to celebrate the spark of life that created the God.This is the time for spring cleaning and blessing your home. You take this opportunity to create art and cleanse sacred spaces, cleanse all your tools, yourself through ritual bathes and decorate ploughs. Celebrate with large feasts, bonfires, hiking, poetry, gardening and making wands and bride's beds. You can also “plant” eggs to encourage your house and garden to be fertile. Here, the beautiful fiery goddess Brigid is recreated in my own art. She is surrounded by the fires of the god represented by candles where they keep her rapt attention.

Ostara: March 20-22 Depending on the year (Vernal Equinox). This is the fourth holiday of the dark half of the year. This is the time to celebrate the fertility of the young god and the earth's renewed fertility.Also planting eggs is encouraged, along with planting an herb garden. Blessing your own sexuality and gardens is a great way to celebrate. Honor your pets, animals and wild animals. Take a walk to truly see Gaia's bounty. This is the perfect time for fertility spells and divining with eggs. You can also do an egg hunt! A lovely fertility faery with vibrant wings flutters through. Her smoldering eyes draw you in, yet the pastel shades she adorns are both innocent and lovely.

Beltane: May 1 (May Day). This is the first holiday of the light half of the year. This is the time to honor the great marriage. focus on the family, conduct handfastings, practice the Great Rite, the lover's chase or Great Marriage, conduct a May Day dance and weave a maypole, light a Beltane fire and use it to bless things by walking between the fires. Make a secret place for lovers to go. Bless the mothers, Make wreathes and decorations of flowers, place or hang out candy, dried fruits and berries for the fae. Captured in the loving embrace of man and woman, the God and Goddess take their first lover's kiss and begin the process of creation.

Litha: June 20-22 depending on the year (Summer Solstice). This is the second holiday of the light half of the year. This is the time to rejoicing in the power of light and life. This is the time to make blessing for fathers and reenact the battle between Holly King and Oak King. Divination with fire, offering up wishes and reaffirming your religious vows are good to do at this time. You can make and bless or enchant tea which is made outside with the sun's heat. Also, making or using Pinatas or Wiker Men at this time is a great symbolic time. The fertile holly king has just taken control of the year and he looks to the light of creation in the midst of darkness.

Lammas: August 1. This is the third holiday of the light half of the year. This is the time to celebrate the beginning of the harvest. This is the time of harvest. You should collect and store your seeds for next year. Harvest your herbs and hang them to dry. Burn a symbol of the god or sacrifice your negative emotions. Play games and have fun as you bless your bread and share it with your loved ones. Bless you foods and reflect on what a bountiful year it was and how much you've grown and changed. Even while the prospect of winter is in the future, grains and bounty are given by the god.

Mabon: September 20-22 depending on the year (Autumnal Equinox).This is the fourth holiday of the light half of the year. This is the time to celebrate the middle of harvest and the earth's descent into winter. Harvest your bountiful meal and celebrate by making some tools. Honor your totems by making animal masks. Make your own bessom to cleanse your sacred space. Give thanks to the earth and make wine, gather dried herbs, collect seeds and pods. Take a walk in the woods and scatter offerings to the gods, animals and fae in your fields or local fields that have already been harvested. Give gifts of libations to trees and plants. Decorate graves or burial sites with leaves and local flora, seeds and nuts. Rich foods have come to fruition and the God is honored for the grown foods.

Artist Biography

Stephanie Small

Artist Biography

Stephanie Small is an artist located in Napa County, California but she has spent time all over Northern California and Oregon. Nature is an influential inspiration to Stephanie, as she seeks to augment and reflect what she sees around her in a variety of mediums. Inspired by medieval art, the fantasy and science fiction genre and more, Stephanie has developed a style of mythical realism.

Stephanie has been interviewed and featured in several magazines and websites. She has been published several times, however, she is best known for her artwork featured in publications such as the Page, the Twisted Vine, the Unicorn and others. Her artwork will be featured on the cover of several upcoming books and publications. She moderates many art related groups online, holds contests and organizes large group projects for artists worldwide. Stephanie volunteers her time to students of all ages and donates both time and artwork to many local non profits.

Metaphysical Biography

Stephanie Small has been diviner and practicing pagan for over 25 years. With a strong background in astrology and tarot, she is currently designing her own fantasy oracle deck. Stephanie does her own art and has had her artwork featured as cover images and presented in a variety of publications. She has published and illustrated two books "With You I Felt the Tide" and "Unicorns, Mermaids, Dragons and More."

She helped found the Spiral Essence coven. She studies a variety of subjects including healing, magickal creatures and divination. She teaches classes, including the Unicorn Class, through witchschool.com and has taught through organizations such as the Napa Metaphysical Guild, Society for Creative Anachronism, Sonoma County Pagan Network and other groups. She has training in Healing (including advanced energy healing), Kundalini energy work and meditation though a variety of organizations.  She maintains a variety of Pagan and otherkin training groups online.



Sunday, May 8, 2011

Pomo Magic and Lore (WIP)

Religion
The Pomo people participated in shamanism; one form this took was the Kuksu religion that was held by people in Central and Northern California. It included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual mourning ceremony, puberty rites of passage, shamanic intervention with the spirit world, and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms.[6][7] The Pomo believed in a supernatural being, the Kuksu or Guksu (depending on their dialect), who lived in the south and who came during ceremonies to heal their illnesses. Medicine men dressed up as Kuksu.
A later shamanistic movement was the "Messiah Cult", introduced by the Wintun people. It was practiced through 1900. This cult believed in prophets who had dreams, "waking visions" and revelations from "presiding spirits" and "virtually formed a priesthood." The prophets earned much respect and status among the people.




Culture
The people called Pomo were originally linked by location, language, and other elements of culture. They were not socially or politically linked as a large unified "tribe". Instead, they lived in small groups ("bands"), linked by geography, lineage and marriage. They relied upon fishing, hunting and gathering for their food.
Traditional narratives
Main article: Pomo traditional narratives
The record of Pomo myths, legends, tales, and histories is extensive. The body of narratives is classed within the Central California cultural pattern. Influences from the Northwest Coast and, more tenuously, from the Plateau region have also been noted.
Mythology
Main article: Pomo mythology
The Pomo had a strong mythology of creation and world order, that includes the personification of the Kuksu or Guksu healer spirit, spirits from six cardinal directions, and the Coyote as their ancestor and creator god.

Resources:
Most of the above from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo_people
Pomoan Language Map: http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/maps/pomoan-languages-map.pdf
Native American unpublished language manuscripts: http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/resources/publications.php?publication=unpublished
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo_mythology
http://curtis.library.northwestern.edu/curtis/viewPage.cgi?volume=14&page=170

One of the most conspicuous features of the religion of the Pomo, who are south of the Yuki, is their shamanistic fetishes. The medicine-man possesses a number of objects, stones, parts of animals, and other articles, which he treasures and with which his power is largely bound up. Pomo mythology is characterized by the importance of Coyote, who comes nearer than any other personage to playing the part of creator. In certain ceremonies there are exhibitions of fire-eating and the clown occurs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmstone
A charmstone is a mineral specimen believed by adherents of certain cultural or religious traditions to have healing, mystical or paranormal powers or energy.
The mineral specimen can be either natural and complete or cleaved from a natural stone; in some cases, the article may be entirely manufactured as in the case of certain Mayan pottery finds. For example, the Miwok and Pomo tribes of Northern California have left thousands of charmstones in the bed of Tolay Lake in Sonoma County. Tolay Lake is a public park: http://www.sonoma-county.org/parks/pk_tolay.htm

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Dieties and Sprits of Note

Kuksu among the Pomo and Maidu.
Monster of Blue Lakes

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Public Ceremonies

The following exerpts are from PUBLIC CEREMONIES. http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/ric/ric04.htm

"After the exclusion of such public observances as the shaman initiation, menstrual dance, and victory celebration, which, while generally participated in, are performed primarily for the benefit of individuals, the ceremonies of the California Indians which are of a really public or communal purpose and character fall into three classes: (1) mourning ceremonies; (2) initiation ceremonies connected with a secret society; and (3) a more varied group of dances and other observances which all, however, have in common the benefit either of the community or of the world at large, in that they cause a good crop of acorns and natural products, make the avoidance of rattlesnake bites possible, or prevent the occurrence of disease, earthquake, flood, and other calamities."

"Of these three classes of ceremonies the mourning ceremonies the mourning ceremonies further do not occur among the Athabascan, Yuki, and Pomo tribes to the south of the Northwestern tribes as far as the bay of San Francisco; but outside of this strip in the northern coast region they are universal in the state."

"Initiation ceremonies which result in something analogous to a secret society are found in the whole state except in the Northwestern region and among the agricultural tribes at the extreme southeast in the Colorado valley. They are apparently as well developed among the Yuki and Pomo, who practice tribal mourning ceremonies, as among their neighbors who do."

Bear shamans are much feared. All the Yuki possess a sacred society initiation ceremony, in which performances of magic are prominent. Among the northern Yuki and neighboring Wailaki this is called Flint ceremony, and the initiates display magic powers in handling and swallowing flint points. Among the southern Yuki, as among the neighboring Pomo and Athabascan Kato, the ceremony relates to ghosts and is popularly known as Devil dance. The members possess power of causing sickness and contend against each other much like the shamans of the Maidu and Yokuts.


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Eclipses
http://starryskies.com/The_sky/events/lunar-2003/eclipse7.html

The Pomo tribe of Native Americans are from the northwestern US. The Pomo name for a solar eclipse was "sun got bit bear." They tell a story about a bear who goes out for a stroll along the Milky Way. Soon Bear met up with the Sun and the two began to argue about who would move out of the other's path. The argument turned into a fight, which was represented by an eclipse of the Sun. Eventually the Bear continued along his way, but soon met up with the Moon, the Sun's sister. Again, an argument ensue about who would move over and again the argument turned into a fight. Now there was an eclipse of the Moon. After the eclipse Bear continued on his way along the Milky Way and the cycle repeated.

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Sources for Pomo Narratives
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrnl%3Bcc%3Dmoajrnl%3Brgn%3Dfull+text%3Bidno%3Dahj1472.1-09.006%3Bdidno%3Dahj1472.1-09.006%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D494%3Bnode%3Dahj1472.1-09.006%3A2%3Bpage%3Droot%3Bsize%3Ds%3Bfrm%3Dframeset;

http://curtis.library.northwestern.edu/curtis/viewPage.cgi?volume=14&page=170


  • Angulo, Jaime de. 1935. "Pomo Creation Myth". Journal of American Folklore 48:203-262. (Eastern Pomo myth collected from W. Galganal Benson.)
  • Angulo, Jaime de, and Lucy S. Freeland. 1928. "Miwok and Pomo Myths". Journal of American Folklore 41:232-253. (Myth versions from two Lake Miwok, one Eastern Pomo, and one Southeastern Pomo; Miwok and Pomo versions were reportedly almost identical.)
  • Barrett, Samuel A. 1906. "A Composite Myth of the Pomo Indians". Journal of American Folklore 19:37-51. (Theft of Fire myth obtained in 1904, with commentary.)
  • Barrett, Samuel A. 1917. "Pomo Bear Doctors". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 12:443-465. Berkeley. (Eastern Pomo myth about the origin of bear shamans, pp. 445-451.)
  • Barrett, Samuel A. 1933. Pomo Myths. Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee Bulletin No. 15. Mikwaukee, Wisconsin. (Numerous myths, including Earth Diver, Theft of Fire, Orpheus, and Bear and Fawns, along with a detailed framework for comparisons.)
  • Curtis, Edward S. 1907-1930. The North American Indian. 20 vols. Plimpton Press, Norwood, Massachusetts. (Four myths collected from San Diego (eastern Pomo), Sam Cowan (southern), Jim Ford (northern), and Tom Connor (central), vol. 14, pp. 170-173.)
  • Erdoes, Richard, and Alfonso Ortiz. 1984. American Indian Myths and Legends. Pantheon Books, New York. (Retelling of a narrative from Barrett 1933, pp. 397-398.)
  • Gifford, Edward Winslow, and Gwendoline Harris Block. 1930. California Indian Nights. Arthur H. Clark, Glendale, California. (One previously published narrative, pp. 287-296.)
  • Judson, Katharine Berry. 1912. Myths and Legends of California and the Old Southwest. A. C. McClurg, Chicago. (Three myths, pp. 47, 63, 192.)
  • Kroeber, A. L. 1911. "The Languages of the Coast of California North of San Francisco". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 9:273-435. Berkeley. (Includes a Pomo myth, pp. 343-346.)
  • Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C. (A brief note on mythology, pp. 270-271.)
  • Loeb, Edwin M. 1926. "The Creator Concept among the Indians of North Central California". American Anthropologist 28:467-493. (Pomo creation myths, including Orpheus.)
  • Loeb, Edwin M. 1932. "The Western Kuksu Cult". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33:1-137. Berkeley. (Note on Northern Pomo mythology, pp. 3-4.)
  • Luthin, Herbert W. 2002. Surviving through the Days: A California Indian Reader. University of California Press, Berkeley. (Three Eastern, Southern, and Cache Creek Pomo narratives collected in 1930, 1940, and 1988, pp. 260-333.)
  • Margolin, Malcolm. 1993. The Way We Lived: California Indian Stories, Songs, and Reminiscences. First edition 1981. Heyday Books, Berkeley, California. (Three myths, pp. 69-71, 93-94, 126-129, from Angulo and Benson 1932, Barrett 1933, and Oswalt 1964.)
  • McLendon, Sally. 1978. "Coyote and the Ground Squirrels (Eastern Pomo)". In Coyote Stories, edited by William Bright, pp. 87-111. International Journal of American Linguistics Native American Texts Series No. 1. University of Chicago Press. (Narrated by Ralph Holder in 1975.)
  • Oswalt, Robert L. 1957. Kashaya Texts. University of California Publications in Linguistics No. 36. Berkeley. (Narratives, including Bear and Fawns, collected in 1957-1961.)
  • Powers, Stephen. 1877. Tribes of California. Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. 3. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Reprinted with an introduction by Robert F. Heizer in 1976, University of California Press, Berkeley. (Three brief narratives, pp. 162, 171-172, 182-183.)
Creation Story
By Wikipedia
Coyote ('Kunula') and Cougar set up for their sons to play a sports game. Most of Coyote's children died. The last two of Coyote's sons chased a ball into a sweathouse and were killed by the resident the Sun (a spirit being). Later through trickery and persistence Coyote retrieved the bodies of his two sons in a bag. Because he had trouble seeing in the darkness Coyote split open the bag and his son's two bodies created light and became the physical sun and the moon in the heavens.[1]
Another "Creation" myth is that Coyote and Lizard ('Hatanutal') were in a sweathouse near Upper Lake, California. Coyote split up some willow and dogwood sticks, painted them, and set them upright in the dirt. The sticks turned into human beings with paws rather than hands. Coyote then put some hemp around them. The hemp became fleas that jumped onto the human beings. Lizard suggested the people needed hands with fingers in order to be more useful, and Coyote suggested they wrestle over that. Coyote and Lizard wrestled. Lizard won the wrestling match and thus the people as Lizard proposed were given fingers, as well as language.[2]
[edit] World Order




The Pomo spoke of a sweat house in each cardinal direction.
According to Pomo ceremony and tradition, the world contained six supernatural beings (or groups of spirits) who lived at the end of the world in the six cardinal directions:[3]
  • Guksu, also called Kuksu in different Pomo dialects[4], was a supernatural being that lived at the southern end of the world. The word also means a large mosquito like insect locally known as the 'gallinipper'. Healing was his province or specialty and the Pomo medicine men or doctors made their prayers to him. He was normal size human with a very long, large and sharp red nose. He was good natured on the whole. In dance ceremonies, the impersonators of Guksu painted their bodies black, or striped red, white and black. They wore bulky, feathery headdress or a large feather tuft on their head with a yellow headband. The nose was made with feathers and painted red. The impersonators carried a staff 6 to 8 inches long with a feather tuft at top, and provided a double bone whistle. He would whistle but not speak.
  • Calnis lived at the eastern end of the world. In ceremonial dances Calnis associated with Guksu, he was also human form, but he was usually testy and pursued people and 'tripped them up' [5]. In dance ceremonies, the Calnis dancer was painted entirely black and carried a black staff without feathers. On his head he wore a feather cape that fell over his face.
  • Suupadax lived at the northern end of the world. The word is associated with a whirlwind.
  • Xa-matutsi lived at the western end of the world. The word is associated with the Pacific Ocean and with 'water occupation'. The Pacific Ocean was the western edge of Pomo territory, and it was therefor a very important part of their mythology. The Pomo believed the world was bounded by water along the west.
  • Kali-matutsi lived in the sky and heavens above. The word is associated with 'sky occupation.'
  • Kai-matutsi lived on the earth and below. The word associated is with 'earth occupation.'
These spirits were imagined to live in sweat houses or dance-houses at each end of the world. At times, these supernatural beings were malevolent and could kill men. However if properly treated or placated, they were benevolent.
The person who played a Guksu in dance ceremonies was often considered the medicine man and would also dress up as a Guksu when called on to treat the sick. Sickness was seen as something that Guksu came to take away and to carry back to the south.
[edit] The Guksu Ceremony
The ceremony called the Guksu ceremony lasted 6 days with the above dancers appearing once a day. The 6 days included of the ceremony called 'The Scarifying Ceremony' where children ages 5 to 10 were initiated with physical and mental tests administered by the dressed up dancers.[6]
[edit] See also
  • Kuksu religion
  • Pomo traditional narratives
  • Mount Konocti
[edit] Notes


  1. ^ Curtis, Coyote Creates Sun and Moon'.'
  2. ^ Curtis, The Creation.
  3. ^ Barret, pages 397-430.
  4. ^ Barret, page 423
  5. ^ Barret, page 424
  6. ^ Barret, page 423-430
[edit] References

  • Curtis, Edward S. The Creation and Coyote Creates Sun and Moon, as published in North American Indian, Oral stories of Pomo Indians, 1907-1930s, Volume 14, pages 170-171.
  • Barrett, S.A. Ceremonies of the Pomo Indians, published by University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnicity, July 6, 1917, 12:10, pages 397-441.
  • Gifford, Edward W, Clear Lake Pomo Society, 1926, published by University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 18:2 pages 353-363 "Secret Society Members" (Describes E.M. Loeb 1925 investigation of the Clear Lake Pomo's practice of the Guksu religion.)

Possible Magical Locations in Lake County, California

List of lakes in Lake County, California
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This list of lakes in Lake County, California includes lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Numbers in parentheses are Geographic Names Information System feature ids.
  • Adobe Reservoir (1657212)
  • Amel Lake (218225)
  • Blue Lakes (219501)
  • Blue Slides Lake (257282)
  • Boggs Lake (219585)
  • Borax Lake (219659)
  • Lake Bordeaux (1657217)
  • Burger Lake (220182)
  • Lake Burgundy (1657218)
  • Catfish Pond (258076)
  • Clear Lake (258441, 1664234)
  • Detert Reservoir (253211)
  • Dry Lake (222650)
  • Eachus Lake (222797)
  • Hidden Lake (225245)
  • Hidden Valley Lake (1657219, 1663861)
  • Highland Springs Reservoir (1657213)
  • Indian Valley Reservoir (274690)
  • Lakeport Lake (252102)
  • Little Borax Lake (262549)
  • Lower Blue Lake (234205)
  • Lower Bohn Lake (234206)
  • McCreary Lake (253232)
  • Ora Lake (230069)
  • Pinkeye Lake (230738)
  • Lake Pillsbury (234468) 
  • Rocky Lake (231775)
  • Snows Lake (234785)
  • Stienhart Lakes (235478)
  • Summit Lake (235750)
  • Thurston Lake (236335)
  • Timber Lake (268286)
  • Tule Lake (236601)
  • Tule Lake (236603)
  • Upper Bohn Lake (253239)
  • Wildcat Lake (237797)


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Borax Lake Site, also known as Borax Lake--Hodges Archaeological Site is an archaeological site near Clearlake, California.
In 2006, a National Park Service statement about it read:
The Borax Lake Site is considered of national significance as the type site for a major prehistoric period in the far western United States, the Paleo-Indian (Clovis), referred to in archeological literature of the Western Great Basin and California as the Post Pattern. The occurrence of Clovis-like projectile points from Borax Lake in the Coast Range of northern California dramatically extended the geographic scope of Paleo-Indian occupation into the far western United States. Archeological investigations at the Borax Lake Site demonstrated that Paleo-Indian occupation of the Far West (Western Great Basin and California) represents a specialized lake shore dwelling adaptation by this group, which was significant because it represented a unique response to an environment that had been unfamiliar to Paleo-Indians. This adaptation is referred to as the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition and differs from the large mammal hunting traditions of the southwestern United States and Great Plains.[2]
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2006.
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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html
  2. ^ a b c "Borax Lake Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1056606021&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2007-11-17. 
  3. ^ Note: A National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination document should be available upon request from the National Park Service for this site, but it appears not to be available on-line from the NPS Focus search site.

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Clear Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake entirely in California, and has the largest surface area of any freshwater lake entirely in California, the tenth largest by capacity. It is located in Lake County and is fed by runoff flowing into many streams as well as springs in Soda Bay. Its sole outlet is Cache Creek. There is a dam on Cache Creek to increase the lake's capacity and to regulate outflow.

At one time Clear Lake was even bigger than it is now, and included the Blue Lakes (to the northwest of Clear Lake). Volcanic eruptions and subsequent landslides changed the landscape dramatically, forever separating Clear Lake from the Blue Lakes and from its former westward drainage into the Russian River.

Archaeologists believe that the Clear Lake basin has been occupied by Native Americans for at least 11,000 years. Evidence of this has been found at nearby Borax Lake and on Rattlesnake Island in the lake's south arm. Abundant fish, game and waterbirds made Clear Lake an oasis in the otherwise harsh conditions of Northern California's mountains. The native Clear Lake hitch, Lavinia exilicauda, was once so abundant that millions of hitch clogged the lake's feeder streams in dry months. When the Spanish missionaries came to California, they found that thousands of Native Americans lived in the Clear Lake Basin, primarily Pomo people and Yuki-Wappo with some Lake Miwok.

European settlers arrived, starting around 1845. Frequently they abused and exploited the native Pomo people. One of the most notorious incidents was the Bloody Island Massacre of spring 1850 [3]. A number of Pomo were enslaved and abused by settlers Andrew Kelsey, whose name is attached to the town of Kelseyville today, and Charles Stone. The Pomo finally revolted and killed Kelsey and Stone. A United States Army contingent under Gen. Nathaniel Lyon cornered as many as 200 Pomo on an island in Clear Lake, and slaughtered most of them—including scores of women and children. The historical marker for Bloody Island is on Highway 20 between Upper Lake and the Robinson Rancheria.

Later, the Pomo were forced to live in small "rancherias" set aside by the federal government. For most of the 20th century, the few Pomo people left had to live on these tiny reservations in poverty. Ironically, today the fastest-growing businesses around Lake County are the gambling casinos presently operated by four Pomo rancherias, with more casinos planned.
Exhibits and programs about the region's culture and history are maintained and presented by rangers and docents at Clear Lake State Park and at Anderson Marsh State Historic Park. Lake County has two county museums, the Lake County Museum in Lakeport and the Lower Lake Historical Schoolhouse Museum in Lower Lake. There are also numerous state and local historical landmarks identified throughout the county.
  1. ^ Lydersen, Kari (Monday, June 12, 2006). "Mercury Warnings a New Part of Tribe's Tradition". The Washington Post. pp. 2. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/11/AR2006061100720_2.html. Retrieved 2009-07-06. 
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ ucdavis.edu
  4. ^ ksu.edu
  5. ^ epa.gov
  6. ^ "Fish Consumption Guidelines for Clear Lake, Cache Creek, and Bear Creek (Lake, Yolo, and Colusa Counties)". Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. [01/20/05, updated 03/18/09]. http://www.oehha.ca.gov/fish/so_cal/Fclearlake.html. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
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Hidden Valley Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) and gated subdivision in Lake County, California, United States. The population was 3,777 at the 2000 census.

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Indian Valley Reservoir is a manmade lake in Lake County, California, 27 miles (43 km) west of Williams near State Route 20.
The 301,000 acre·ft (371,000 dam³) capacity reservoir was created by the construction of the Indian Valley Dam across the north fork of Cache Creek in 1975. The 200 m (660 ft) and 40 ft (12 m) earth-fill dam was built for water storage, irrigation and flood control.[1] Although the reservoir is in Lake County, it was built by neighboring Yolo County, who own all water rights to the 300,600 acre feet (370,800,000 m3) of water. The dam includes a hydroelectric plant. The cost of the dam and reservoir exceeded $9 million and were funded, in part by two bond issues.

The reservoir is in the Bureau of Land Management's Walker Ridge Recreation Area. All types of recreation are allowed, including boating, camping, fishing, hunting, hiking, bicycling and horseback riding.
There are two primitive boat/hike-in campgrounds, Blue Oaks and Kowalski.
The area's flora and fauna include manzanita, oak and pine trees, blacktail deer, black bear, and wild turkey. Rare plants such as the Indian Valley Brodiaea and Adobe lily grow here.

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Lake Pillsbury is an artificial lake in the Mendocino National Forest of Lake County, California, created from the waters impounded from the Eel River by Scott Dam. Elevation is 1,818 ft (554 m) with 65 mi (105 km) of shoreline and covering 2,003 acres (811 ha).[1] Activities in the Lake Pillsbury Recreation Area include powerboating, fishing, swimming, sailing, picnicking, hiking and hang gliding. There are two main access roads to the lake. At the north end of the lake is a small gravel airstrip.

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Timber Lake is a lake located in Lake County, California. It lies at an elevation of 4,872 feet.

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The Bloody Island Massacre (also called the Clear Lake Massacre) occurred on an island called in the Pomo language, Bo-no-po-ti or Badon-napo-ti (Old Island), at the north end of Clear Lake, Lake County, California on May 15, 1850.[1][2] It was a place where the Pomo had traditionally gathered for ceremonies. After this event, it became known as Bloody Island. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Island_Massacre




The year was 1850. Lucy hid in the bloodied water behind the tules with her mother at Badonnapati, Old Island –
called Bloody Island after dragoons and a militia under the command of Captain Nathaniel Lyon massacred between 150
and 200 Pomo men, women, elders and children

Despite this and many more hardships unleashed on native people by the US, Duncan said Lucy Moore became a
mother, a grandmother and great-grandmother, lived to be 110 years old, and in her old age prayed every day to forgive
America.
It is in her memory and to honor her, her prayer and all who died at Bloody Island that Duncan created the Lucy Moore
Foundation in 2000, having for many years approached the tribal leadership to address some of the following issues,
without success.
The foundation organizes the yearly May 15 Sunrise Ceremony at Bloody Island, to honor and remember the people
who died there during the massacre
the unofficial design of this particular expedition
was to "clear" the land of its indigenous inhabitants, as the official policy of California, supported by the federal
government, was to exterminate all of the Indian population.

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The following historical list of Pomo villages and tribes is taken largely from John Wesley Powell, 1891:[5]
  • Balló Kaì Pomo, "Oat Valley People."
  • Batemdikáyi.
  • Búldam Pomo (Rio Grande or Big River).
  • Chawishek.
  • Choam Chadila Pomo (Capello).
  • Chwachamajù.
  • Dápishul Pomo (Redwood Canyon).
  • Eastern People (Clear Lake about Lakeport).
  • Erío (mouth of Russian River).
  • Erússi (Fort Ross).
  • Gallinoméro (Russian River Valley below Cloverdale and in Dry Creek Valley).
  • Grualála (northwest corner of Sonoma County).
  • Kabinapek (western part of Clear Lake basin).
  • Kaimé (above Healdsburg).
  • Kai Pomo (between Eel River and South Fork).
  • Kastel Pomo (between Eel River and South Fork).
  • Kato Pomo, "Lake People." (Clear Lake)
  • Komácho (Anderson and Rancheria Valleys).
  • Kulá Kai Pomo (Sherwood Valley).
  • Kulanapo. (Clear Lake)
  • Láma (Russian River Valley).
  • Misálamag[-u]n or Musakak[-u]n (above Healdsburg).
  • Mitoám Kai Pomo, "Wooded Valley People" (Little Lake).
  • Poam Pomo.
  • Senel (Russian River Valley).
  • Shódo Kaí Pomo (Coyote Valley).
  • Síako (Russian River Valley).
  • Sokóa (Russian River Valley).
  • Yokáya Pomo, "Lower Valley People" (Ukiah City).
  • Yusâl (or Kámalel) Pomo, "Ocean People" (on coast and along Yusal Creek).
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Buldam (also, Bul-dam Po-mo) is a former Pomo settlement in Mendocino County, California.[1] It was located on the north bank of Big River and east of Mendocino; its precise location is unknown.[1]